Endocrine Abstracts

Vitamin B12 (B12) is an essential micronutrient required for several metabolic reactions. Animal and clinical studies show that B12-deficiency is associated with metabolic syndrome. Given the key metabolic role of adipose tissue, we investigated whether B12 deficiency may affect triglyceride synthesis and lipid metabolism leading to adipose tissue inflammation. The AbdSc pre-adipocyte cell line (Chub-S7) and human AbdSc primary pre-adipocytes were differentiated under differen...

Background: The acquisition of brown-adipocyte-properties by white-adipocytes (BRITE-adipocytes) is an appealing-prospect to combat obesity and type-2-diabetes-Mellitus (T2DM). This may support counteracting the impact of inflammation and mitochondrial-dysfunction, which contribute to the obesity-pathogenesis. However, our previous-finding shave shown that the gut-derived-inflammatory-agent endotoxin can increase the inflammatory-response in white-adipose-tissue impacted by ob...

Background: Dysfunctional endoplasmic reticula (ER) and mitochondria contribute to the pathogenesis of obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). This may, in part, be facilitated by cross-talk between the two organelles during conditions of nutrient excess such as obesity, however the potential impact of ER stress on mitochondrial function has not been well studied. This study investigated whether induction of ER stress in human adipocytes may contribute to mitochondrial dy...

Background: Metabolic endotoxaemia (raised bacterial endotoxin in serum after high-fat feeding) has been shown to reduce insulin sensitivity in humans through systemic inflammation and oxidative stress. Mitochondria represent the main source of cellular reactive oxygen species and mutations in mitochondrial DNA often result in a diabetic phenotype. However, the direct cellular impact of endotoxin on mitochondrial respiration and DNA integrity, particularly within the context o...

Background: The pathogenesis of obesity and T2DM mediates mitochondrial dysfunction which, in part, may arise as a consequence of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress. However, the potential impact of ER stress on mitochondria dysfunction is unclear. Therefore, we investigated whether induction of ER stress contributes to mitochondrial dysfunction in human adipocytes using 1) human differentiated adipocyte cell line (Chub-S7, n=12); and 2) primary differentiated lean and...

Background: In obesity, excess nutrients can disrupt protein folding in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) which activates the unfolded protein response (UPR) and alters mitochondrial function. These changes can induce inflammation, oxidative stress and insulin resistance. The aim of the study was to investigate whether broccoli extract can protect against cellular damage in human adipocytes, which with mathematical modelling may help predict pathway response.<p class="abstext...

Aims/hypothesis: Genetic and functional defects in mitochondria are linked with phenotypes of obesity, hypercholesterolemia, and type 2 diabetes (T2DM). However, the impact on mitochondria during surgery-induced metabolic recovery is unknown. We therefore studied the effect of restrictive versus malabsorptive bariatric procedures on indicators of mitochondrial efficiency and control of biogenesis/function.Methods: Forty-three morbidly obese, T2DM consent...